kulawrKutafin Law ReviewKutafin Law Review2713-05252713-0533MSAL10.17803/2713-0533.2024.1.27.050-069kulawr-237Research ArticleTHE RIGHT TO EDUCATION OUTSIDE UNRECOGNIZED ENTITIES AND OTHER CURRENT ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL LAWThe History of the Formation and Development of the Institution of Diplomatic Asylum in Latin Americahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-3961NagievaА. А.

Amina A. Nagieva, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate professor, International Law Department

Moscow

a.nagiyeva2017@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7513-5797TkachevaV. V.

Vitaliya V. Tkacheva, Attaché, First Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Department

Moscow

vitaliya.tkachyova@yandex.ruMGIMO UniversityRussian FederationMinistry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2024100420241115069Copyright © Nagieva А.А., Tkacheva V.V., 20242024Nagieva А.А., Tkacheva V.V.Nagieva А.А., Tkacheva V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kulawr.msal.ru/jour/article/view/237

The institution of diplomatic asylum occupies a special place in the system of international law due to the ambiguity of its legal regulation. As it is known, this institution was not recognized by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 and subsequent universal legal documents. However, most Latin American countries widely apply the right to grant asylum in the premises of diplomatic missions and not only on the basis of the provisions of numerous regional agreements, which directly provide rules of granting diplomatic asylum. The dual approach to the issue of diplomatic asylum that has developed in international practice creates a lot of disputes between states, due to the divergence of their positions on this issue. The article examines the history of the formation and development of the institution of diplomatic asylum, its legal regulation in Latin America and briefly reveals the contribution of judicial practice to the development of the institution. The main purpose of this study is to identify existing contradictions in the international legal regulation of the institution of diplomatic asylum and to analyze acceptable ways to eliminate such discrepancies.

diplomatic lawdiplomatic missionpremises of a diplomatic missiondiplomatic asylumLatin AmericaReferencesAbashidze, A.H. and Chernykh, I.A., (2016). Liberty of Discussion is Being Realized by United Nations and Some Member States. RUDN Journal of Law, 3, pp. 76–89. Available at: https://journals.rudn.ru/law/issue/view/897 [Accessed 28.03.2024].Abashidze, A.H. and Chernykh, I.A., (2016). Liberty of Discussion is Being Realized by United Nations and Some Member States. RUDN Journal of Law, 3, pp. 76–89. Available at: https://journals.rudn.ru/law/issue/view/897 [Accessed 28.03.2024].Arredondo, R., (2017). WikiLeaks, Assange y el Futuro del Asilo Diplomatico. Revista Española de Derecho Internacional, 69(2), pp. 119–144, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.69.2.2017.1.05.Arredondo, R., (2017). WikiLeaks, Assange y el Futuro del Asilo Diplomatico. Revista Española de Derecho Internacional, 69(2), pp. 119–144, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.69.2.2017.1.05.Behrens, P., (2017). Diplomatic Law in a New Millennium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 434 p.Behrens, P., (2017). Diplomatic Law in a New Millennium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 434 p.Blishchenko, I.P., (1990). Diplomatic Law. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola Publ. 287 p. (In Russ.).Blishchenko, I.P., (1990). Diplomatic Law. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola Publ. 287 p. (In Russ.).Cavalario, D., (1848). Instituciones de Derecho Canónico. Paris: Librería de A. Bouret y Morel. 873 p. Available at: http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1080047477/1080047477.html [Accessed 29.12.2022].Cavalario, D., (1848). Instituciones de Derecho Canónico. Paris: Librería de A. Bouret y Morel. 873 p. Available at: http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1080047477/1080047477.html [Accessed 29.12.2022].Denza, E., (2016). Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 472 p.Denza, E., (2016). Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 472 p.Dyemin, Yu.G., (1992). Current Trends in Asylum and Refuge in the Premises of Diplomatic Missions. Moscow Journal of International Law, 4, pp. 94–103, doi: https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-1992-4-94-103. (In Russ.).Dyemin, Yu.G., (1992). Current Trends in Asylum and Refuge in the Premises of Diplomatic Missions. Moscow Journal of International Law, 4, pp. 94–103, doi: https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-1992-4-94-103. (In Russ.).Evans, A.E., (1952). The Colombian-Peruvian Asylum Case: the Practice of Diplomatic Asylum. American Political Science Review, 46(1), pp. 142–157, doi: 10.2307/1950767.Evans, A.E., (1952). The Colombian-Peruvian Asylum Case: the Practice of Diplomatic Asylum. American Political Science Review, 46(1), pp. 142–157, doi: 10.2307/1950767.Galenskaya, L.N., (1968). The Right of Asylum. International Legal Issues. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya Publ. 128 p. (In Russ.).Galenskaya, L.N., (1968). The Right of Asylum. International Legal Issues. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya Publ. 128 p. (In Russ.).Gil-Bazo, M.T., (2015). Asylum as a General Principle of International Law. International Journal of Refugee Law, 27(1), pp. 3–28, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeu062.Gil-Bazo, M.T., (2015). Asylum as a General Principle of International Law. International Journal of Refugee Law, 27(1), pp. 3–28, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeu062.Gilbert, B., (1901). The Right of Asylum in the Legations of the United States in Central and South America. Harvard Law Review, 15(2), pp. 118–139, doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1323771.Gilbert, B., (1901). The Right of Asylum in the Legations of the United States in Central and South America. Harvard Law Review, 15(2), pp. 118–139, doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1323771.Greenburgh, R.B., (1995). Recent Developments in the Law of Diplomatic Asylum. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 41, pp. 103– 122. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/743293 [Accessed 10.01.2023].Greenburgh, R.B., (1995). Recent Developments in the Law of Diplomatic Asylum. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 41, pp. 103– 122. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/743293 [Accessed 10.01.2023].Grugel, J. and Quijada, M., (1990). Chile, Spain and Latin America: the Right of Asylum at the Onset of the Second World War. Journal of Latin America Studies, 22(2), pp. 353–374. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/156866 [Accessed 19.01.2023].Grugel, J. and Quijada, M., (1990). Chile, Spain and Latin America: the Right of Asylum at the Onset of the Second World War. Journal of Latin America Studies, 22(2), pp. 353–374. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/156866 [Accessed 19.01.2023].Heijer, M.D., (2013). Diplomatic Asylum and the Assange Case. Leiden Journal of International Law, 26(2), pp. 399–425, doi: 10.1017/S0922156513000095.Heijer, M.D., (2013). Diplomatic Asylum and the Assange Case. Leiden Journal of International Law, 26(2), pp. 399–425, doi: 10.1017/S0922156513000095.Hughes-Gerber, L., (2021). Diplomatic Asylum. Exploring a Legal Basis for the Practice under General International Law. Cham: Springer. 243 p.Hughes-Gerber, L., (2021). Diplomatic Asylum. Exploring a Legal Basis for the Practice under General International Law. Cham: Springer. 243 p.Iskevich, I.S. and Podolskii, A.V., (2014). Diplomatic and Consular Law. Tambov: TGTU Publishing House. 136 p. (In Russ.).Iskevich, I.S. and Podolskii, A.V., (2014). Diplomatic and Consular Law. Tambov: TGTU Publishing House. 136 p. (In Russ.).Larzelere, A., (1988). Castro’s Ploy: America’s Dilemma: The 1980 Cuban Boatlift. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press. 564 p.Larzelere, A., (1988). Castro’s Ploy: America’s Dilemma: The 1980 Cuban Boatlift. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press. 564 p.Levin, D.B., (1949). Diplomatic Immunity. Moscow: the USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House. 308 p. (In Russ.).Levin, D.B., (1949). Diplomatic Immunity. Moscow: the USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House. 308 p. (In Russ.).Moor, J.B., (1906). A Digest of International Law. Washington: Government Printing Office. 877 p.Moor, J.B., (1906). A Digest of International Law. Washington: Government Printing Office. 877 p.Nolan, L.C., (1934). Limitations Upon the Right of Diplomatic Asylum in Peru, 1867. World Affairs, 97(3), pp. 176–178. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20662477 [Accessed 10.01.2023].Nolan, L.C., (1934). Limitations Upon the Right of Diplomatic Asylum in Peru, 1867. World Affairs, 97(3), pp. 176–178. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20662477 [Accessed 10.01.2023].Pastorino, A.M. and Ippoliti, M.R., (2019). Sobre Asilo Diplomático. Revista de la Facultad de Derecho, 47, doi: 10.22187/rfd2019n47a3.Pastorino, A.M. and Ippoliti, M.R., (2019). Sobre Asilo Diplomático. Revista de la Facultad de Derecho, 47, doi: 10.22187/rfd2019n47a3.Phillipson, C., (1911). The International Law and Custom in Ancient Greece and Rome. London, MacMillan. 337 p.Phillipson, C., (1911). The International Law and Custom in Ancient Greece and Rome. London, MacMillan. 337 p.Prakash, S.S., (1971). Asylum and International Law. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. 366 p.Prakash, S.S., (1971). Asylum and International Law. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. 366 p.Restrepo, D.J., (2021). Modern Day Extradition Practice: A Case Analysis of Julian Assange. Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law, 11(1), pp. 138–157. Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1134&context=ndjicl [Accessed 10.01.2023].Restrepo, D.J., (2021). Modern Day Extradition Practice: A Case Analysis of Julian Assange. Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law, 11(1), pp. 138–157. Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1134&context=ndjicl [Accessed 10.01.2023].Ronning, C.N., (1965). Diplomatic Asylum: Legal Norms and Political Reality in Lat in American Relations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. 239 p.Ronning, C.N., (1965). Diplomatic Asylum: Legal Norms and Political Reality in Lat in American Relations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. 239 p.Satow, E., (1961). A Guide to Diplomatic Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 480 p.Satow, E., (1961). A Guide to Diplomatic Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 480 p.Värk, R., (2012). Diplomatic Asylum: Theory, Practice and the Case of Julian Assange. Sisekaitseakadeemia Toimetised, 11, pp. 240–257. Vázquez, A.N., (2017). El Asilo Diplomático: de Haya de la Torre a los Asilados del Caso “WikiLeaks.” Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos Humanos, 28(2), pp. 213–226, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rldh.28-2.10.Värk, R., (2012). Diplomatic Asylum: Theory, Practice and the Case of Julian Assange. Sisekaitseakadeemia Toimetised, 11, pp. 240–257. Vázquez, A.N., (2017). El Asilo Diplomático: de Haya de la Torre a los Asilados del Caso “WikiLeaks.” Revista Latinoamericana de Derechos Humanos, 28(2), pp. 213–226, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rldh.28-2.10.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.