kulawrKutafin Law ReviewKutafin Law Review2713-05252713-0533MSAL10.17803/2713-0533.2024.4.30.633-656kulawr-417Research ArticleINTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE LAWInternational Legal Problems of the Climate Change Effects on the Environment (on the Examples of Biological Diversity Degradation and Chemicals and Waste Management)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-8912SolntsevA. M.

Alexander M. Solntsev, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Deputy Head of the Department of International Law

Scopus ID: 57191973561 

Moscow

solntsev_am@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-5722OtrashevskayaA. M.

Anastasia M. Otrashevskaya, Cand. Sci. (Law), Junior Researcher at the Department of International Law

Scopus ID: 58669254700

Moscow

otrashevskaya_am@rudn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-8294YusifovaP. N.

Parzad N. Yusifova, Assistant, Department of International Law

Moscow

pari.yusifova.97@mail.ruPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)Russian Federation202430122024114633633Copyright © Solntsev A.M., Otrashevskaya A.M., Yusifova P.N., 20242024Solntsev A.M., Otrashevskaya A.M., Yusifova P.N.Solntsev A.M., Otrashevskaya A.M., Yusifova P.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kulawr.msal.ru/jour/article/view/417

Climate change is an existential threat to humanity: scientific data shows that every year the average temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher. Within the framework of international law, a set of measures is being taken to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change. Given the comprehensive nature of climate change impacts on the environment, detailed legal measures are required in various areas of international cooperation. In this study the authors examined the complexities of legal regulation in two areas of climate change impacts: management of chemicals and waste, as well as preservation of biological diversity and genetic resources. The conducted study identified achievements and problems of international legal regulation in these areas and also showed that for the purposes of synergy of international treaties in the studied areas various decisions are made at periodic conferences of the parties to these international treaties.

international environmental lawclimate changeUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)Paris Agreementbiological diversitychemicals and wasteSustainable Development Goals (SDGs)ReferencesAbashidze, A.Kh. and Solntsev, A.M., (2019). Climate Change and International Security. Electronic supplement to the “Russian Juridical Journal,” 6, pp. 11–14, doi: 10.34076/2219-6838-2019-6-11-14. (In Russ.).Abashidze, A.Kh. and Solntsev, A.M., (2019). Climate Change and International Security. Electronic supplement to the “Russian Juridical Journal,” 6, pp. 11–14, doi: 10.34076/2219-6838-2019-6-11-14. (In Russ.).Arts, K. and Gupta, J., (2004). Climate Change and Hazardous Waste Law: Developing International Law of Sustainable Development. In: Schrijver, N., Weiss, F. (eds), (2004). International Law and Sustainable Development: Principle and Practice. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 519–551.Arts, K. and Gupta, J., (2004). Climate Change and Hazardous Waste Law: Developing International Law of Sustainable Development. In: Schrijver, N., Weiss, F. (eds), (2004). International Law and Sustainable Development: Principle and Practice. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 519–551.Egorova, M.A., Zhavoronkova, N.G., Shpakovsky, Yu.G., Ponomareva, D.V. and Shmeleva, D.V., (2022). Climatic Aspects of Ecological and Legal Protection of Forests in the Russian Federation. Kutafin Law Review, 9(3), pp. 415–436, doi: 10.17803/2713-0525.2022.3.21.415-436.Egorova, M.A., Zhavoronkova, N.G., Shpakovsky, Yu.G., Ponomareva, D.V. and Shmeleva, D.V., (2022). Climatic Aspects of Ecological and Legal Protection of Forests in the Russian Federation. Kutafin Law Review, 9(3), pp. 415–436, doi: 10.17803/2713-0525.2022.3.21.415-436.Fitzmaurice, M., (2021). Biodiversity and climate change. International Community Law Review, 23(2-3), pp. 230–240.Fitzmaurice, M., (2021). Biodiversity and climate change. International Community Law Review, 23(2-3), pp. 230–240.Fuller, R. and Landrigan, P.J., (2022). Pollution and health: a progress update. Lancet Planet Health, 6, pp. 535–547, doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0.Fuller, R. and Landrigan, P.J., (2022). Pollution and health: a progress update. Lancet Planet Health, 6, pp. 535–547, doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0.Hodas, D., (2008). Biodiversity and Climate Change Laws: A Failure to Communicate? In: Biodiversity Conservation, Law and Wildlife: Bridging the North-South Divide. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1549846 [Accessed 12.08.2024].Hodas, D., (2008). Biodiversity and Climate Change Laws: A Failure to Communicate? In: Biodiversity Conservation, Law and Wildlife: Bridging the North-South Divide. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1549846 [Accessed 12.08.2024].Khamidulina, Kh. Kh. and Vinogradova, A.A., (2017). International agreements in chemical safety at the resent stage. Toxicological Review, 6(147), pp. 48–53. (In Russ.).Khamidulina, Kh. Kh. and Vinogradova, A.A., (2017). International agreements in chemical safety at the resent stage. Toxicological Review, 6(147), pp. 48–53. (In Russ.).Koubassov, R.V., (2014). Hormonal Changes in Response to Extreme Environment Factors. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 69(9–10), pp. 102–109, doi: 10.15690/vramn.v69i9-10.1138. (In Russ.).Koubassov, R.V., (2014). Hormonal Changes in Response to Extreme Environment Factors. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 69(9–10), pp. 102–109, doi: 10.15690/vramn.v69i9-10.1138. (In Russ.).Mayorova, E.I., (2021). International legal conventions as an instrument for preventing environmental risks. Vestnik Universiteta, 6, pp. 44–51, doi: 10.26425/1816-4277-2021-6-44-51. (In Russ.).Mayorova, E.I., (2021). International legal conventions as an instrument for preventing environmental risks. Vestnik Universiteta, 6, pp. 44–51, doi: 10.26425/1816-4277-2021-6-44-51. (In Russ.).McDonald, J. and McCormack, Ph.C., (2021). Rethinking the role of law in adapting to climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 12(4), pp. 1–21, doi: 10.1002/wcc.726.McDonald, J. and McCormack, Ph.C., (2021). Rethinking the role of law in adapting to climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 12(4), pp. 1–21, doi: 10.1002/wcc.726.Nebytov, V.G., (2017). Regulatory and legal regulation in the field of pesticide management. Bulletin of Rural Development and Social Policy, 2(14), pp. 53–58. (In Russ.).Nebytov, V.G., (2017). Regulatory and legal regulation in the field of pesticide management. Bulletin of Rural Development and Social Policy, 2(14), pp. 53–58. (In Russ.).Noyes, P.D., (2009). The Toxicology of Climate Change: Environmental Contaminants in a Warming World. Environment International, 35(6), pp. 971–986, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.02.006.Noyes, P.D., (2009). The Toxicology of Climate Change: Environmental Contaminants in a Warming World. Environment International, 35(6), pp. 971–986, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.02.006.Noyes, P.D. and Lema, S.C., (2015). Forecasting the Impacts of Chemical Pollution and Climate Change Interactions on the Health of Wildlife. Current Zoology, 61(4), pp. 669–689, doi: 10.1093/czoolo/61.4.669.Noyes, P.D. and Lema, S.C., (2015). Forecasting the Impacts of Chemical Pollution and Climate Change Interactions on the Health of Wildlife. Current Zoology, 61(4), pp. 669–689, doi: 10.1093/czoolo/61.4.669.Sambayeva, D.A., (2021). Formation and dispersion of smog in the gas phase. Proceedings of Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov, 2(58), pp. 185–191. (In Russ.).Sambayeva, D.A., (2021). Formation and dispersion of smog in the gas phase. Proceedings of Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov, 2(58), pp. 185–191. (In Russ.).Scheffers, B.R. and Pecl, G., (2019). Persecuting, protecting or ignoring biodiversity under climate change. Nature Climate Change, 9(8). Pp. 581–586, doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0526-5.Scheffers, B.R. and Pecl, G., (2019). Persecuting, protecting or ignoring biodiversity under climate change. Nature Climate Change, 9(8). Pp. 581–586, doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0526-5.Sharipova, N.U., (2022). Chemical industry and environment. Universum: himiya i biologiya, 5(95), part 1, pp. 19–21. Available at: https://7universum.com/ru/nature/archive/item/13390 [Accessed 12.08.2024]. (In Russ.).Sharipova, N.U., (2022). Chemical industry and environment. Universum: himiya i biologiya, 5(95), part 1, pp. 19–21. Available at: https://7universum.com/ru/nature/archive/item/13390 [Accessed 12.08.2024]. (In Russ.).Solntsev, A.M., (2023). Combating plastic pollution in international law: lex lata and lex ferenda. Moscow Journal of International Law, 4, pp. 35–49, doi: 10.24833/0869-0049-2023-4-35-49. (In Russ.).Solntsev, A.M., (2023). Combating plastic pollution in international law: lex lata and lex ferenda. Moscow Journal of International Law, 4, pp. 35–49, doi: 10.24833/0869-0049-2023-4-35-49. (In Russ.).Tatarintsev, S.A., (2014). Comprehensive assessment of the environmental and economic risk of the impact of chemical industry enterprises on the environment. Geology, geography and global energy, 2(53), pp. 85–93. (In Russ.).Tatarintsev, S.A., (2014). Comprehensive assessment of the environmental and economic risk of the impact of chemical industry enterprises on the environment. Geology, geography and global energy, 2(53), pp. 85–93. (In Russ.).Tessnow-von Wysocki, I. and Le Billon, P., (2019). Plastics at sea: Treaty design for a global solution to marine plastic pollution. Environmental Science & Policy, 100, pp. 94–104, doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2019.06.005.Tessnow-von Wysocki, I. and Le Billon, P., (2019). Plastics at sea: Treaty design for a global solution to marine plastic pollution. Environmental Science & Policy, 100, pp. 94–104, doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2019.06.005.Trouwborst, A., (2022). Climate change adaptation and biodiversity law. Research Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation Law, pp. 298– 324, doi: 10.4337/9781781000083.00016.Trouwborst, A., (2022). Climate change adaptation and biodiversity law. Research Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation Law, pp. 298– 324, doi: 10.4337/9781781000083.00016.Ummenhofer, C.C. and Meehl, G.A., (2017). Extreme Weather and Climate Events with Ecological Relevance: A Review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1723), pp. 104–1067, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0135.Ummenhofer, C.C. and Meehl, G.A., (2017). Extreme Weather and Climate Events with Ecological Relevance: A Review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1723), pp. 104–1067, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0135.Wang, S., (2023). International law-making process of combating plastic pollution: Status quo, debates and prospects. Marine Policy, 147, pp. 105376, doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105376.Wang, S., (2023). International law-making process of combating plastic pollution: Status quo, debates and prospects. Marine Policy, 147, pp. 105376, doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105376.Zigler, C.M., Choirat, C. and Dominici, F., (2018). Impact of National Ambient Air Quality Standards nonattainment designations on particulate pollution and health. Epidemiology, 29(2), pp. 165–174, doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000777.Zigler, C.M., Choirat, C. and Dominici, F., (2018). Impact of National Ambient Air Quality Standards nonattainment designations on particulate pollution and health. Epidemiology, 29(2), pp. 165–174, doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000777.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.