Based on the analysis of the regional legal acts on the human rights protection in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) the article characterizes the current situation in this field in the context of the reset of the CIS Human Rights Commission activities in October 2022. The authors conduct a comparative legal analysis trying to determine what procedures and mechanisms that proved most effective in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights can lay a solid foundation for establishing a CIS Court of Human Rights, and they outline the potential competence of a new court in the future. Key priorities and areas of cooperation between the CIS Member States in light of the task of increasing the effectiveness of a regional human rights protection system are highlighted in the concluding part, namely elaborating the CIS Model Law to enforce the implementation of the CIS Court of Human Rights decisions at the national level including the creation of compliance monitoring bodies, the appointment criteria and the tenure guarantees for the prospective judges; adopting a new regional treaty on the establishment of the CIS Court of Human Rights to define its competence, jurisdiction, institutional structure, procedural rules, and relationship with the national judicial systems of the CIS Member States; updating regulatory documents that already exists at the CIS level; optimizing the institutional framework to increase the efficiency of the functioning CIS Commission on Human Rights.