<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kulawr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kutafin Law Review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Kutafin Law Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-0525</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0533</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/2713-0533.2026.2.36.391-425</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kulawr-887</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT, OVER-THE-COUNTER DERIVATIVES &amp; RESOLUTION OF ECONOMIC DISPUTES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>International Commercial Arbitration and Over-the-Counter Derivatives</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-507X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klementyev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey P. Klementyev , Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Faculty of Law</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aklementiev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Higher School of Economics (HSE) University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>391</fpage><lpage>425</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Klementyev A.P., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Klementyev A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klementyev A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kulawr.msal.ru/jour/article/view/887">https://kulawr.msal.ru/jour/article/view/887</self-uri><abstract><p>Derivatives are complex financial contracts widely used in today’s securities and commodities markets. Alongside promising speculative gains, they allow exporters, importers, lenders, borrowers and other commercial actors to hedge a range of risks they face in the course of their day-to-day operations. Equally, international commercial arbitration has become a preferred method of dispute resolution among legal entities and businessmen involved in international trade and commerce. Although being present in on-exchange rules of derivatives trading, arbitration clauses have been in fact neglected by derivative traders for decades. The article argues that this tendency has changed. Derivative traders embraced arbitration to resolve the disputes taking place in the interbank market as well as those occurring between traders and their clients. To justify that claim, the article considers recommendations published by International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA), a private industry organization and a driving force in derivative markets. In addition to harmonization instruments published by ISDA, we also pay attention to standard master agreements proposed by European Banking Federation (EBF). The paper dwells upon a variety of arbitration clauses promoted by ISDA and EBF to maintain that arbitration currently has matched the status that litigation had over the years. The paper also considers the sanctions-related aspects of dispute resolution domain. It argues that arbitration will remain preferred method of dispute resolution despite the introduction of massive sanctions against the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arbitration</kwd><kwd>Derivatives</kwd><kwd>ISDA</kwd><kwd>New York Convention</kwd><kwd>Dispute Resolution</kwd><kwd>Financial Contracts</kwd><kwd>Arbitration Clauses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ariyo, O., (2025). The “Hedging or Speculation” Question in Determining the Capacity of Public Bodies to Trade Derivative Transactions. Capital Markets Law Journal, 20(1), pp. 1–16, doi: 10.1093/cmlj/kmae020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ariyo, O., (2025). The “Hedging or Speculation” Question in Determining the Capacity of Public Bodies to Trade Derivative Transactions. Capital Markets Law Journal, 20(1), pp. 1–16, doi: 10.1093/cmlj/kmae020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjamin, J., (2007). Financial Law. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benjamin, J., (2007). Financial Law. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger, K.P., (2009). The Aftermath of the Financial Crisis: Why Arbitration Makes Sense for Banks and Financial Institutions. Law and Financial Markets Review, 3(1), pp. 54–163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger, K.P., (2009). The Aftermath of the Financial Crisis: Why Arbitration Makes Sense for Banks and Financial Institutions. Law and Financial Markets Review, 3(1), pp. 54–163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berzin, O., Shliagina, E. and Ying, L.A., (2022). Comparative Analysis of the Legal Regulation of International Commercial Arbitration in Russia and Mainland China. BRICS Law Journal, 9(3), pp. 4–38, doi: 10.21684/2412-2343-2022-9-3-4-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berzin, O., Shliagina, E. and Ying, L.A., (2022). Comparative Analysis of the Legal Regulation of International Commercial Arbitration in Russia and Mainland China. BRICS Law Journal, 9(3), pp. 4–38, doi: 10.21684/2412-2343-2022-9-3-4-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borowicz, M., (2015). Private Power and International Law: The International Swaps and Derivatives Association. European Journal of Legal Studies, 8(1), pp. 46–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borowicz, M., (2015). Private Power and International Law: The International Swaps and Derivatives Association. European Journal of Legal Studies, 8(1), pp. 46–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braithwaite, J., (2012). Standard Form Contracts as Transnational Law: Evidence from the Derivatives Markets. Modern Law Review, 75(5), pp. 779–805, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2012.00924.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braithwaite, J., (2012). Standard Form Contracts as Transnational Law: Evidence from the Derivatives Markets. Modern Law Review, 75(5), pp. 779–805, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.2012.00924.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braithwaite, J., (2021). The Financial Courts: Adjudicating Disputes. In: Derivatives Markets (International Corporate Law and Financial Market Regulation). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braithwaite, J., (2021). The Financial Courts: Adjudicating Disputes. In: Derivatives Markets (International Corporate Law and Financial Market Regulation). Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeRosa, D.F., (2014). Foreign Exchange Operations: Master Trading Agreements, Settlement, and Collateral. Wiley.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeRosa, D.F., (2014). Foreign Exchange Operations: Master Trading Agreements, Settlement, and Collateral. Wiley.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eidenm üller, H., (2013). Regulatory Competition in Contract Law and Dispute Resolution. Bloomsbury Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eidenm üller, H., (2013). Regulatory Competition in Contract Law and Dispute Resolution. Bloomsbury Publishing.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fradique-Méndez, C., (2008). Aspectos legales de los contratos marco para derivados. Revista de Derecho, 39, pp. 3–30. (In Spanish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fradique-Méndez, C., (2008). Aspectos legales de los contratos marco para derivados. Revista de Derecho, 39, pp. 3–30. (In Spanish).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golden, J. and Lamm, C., (ed.) (2015). International Financial Disputes: Arbitration and Mediation. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golden, J. and Lamm, C., (ed.) (2015). International Financial Disputes: Arbitration and Mediation. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harding, P.C., (2004). Mastering the ISDA Master Agreements (1992 and 2002): A Practical Guide for Negotiators. Financial Times Prentice Hall.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harding, P.C., (2004). Mastering the ISDA Master Agreements (1992 and 2002): A Practical Guide for Negotiators. Financial Times Prentice Hall.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayashi, M. and Yamaguchi, A., (2024). Economic Sanctions against Russia: Questions of Legality and Legitimacy. International Community Law Review, 26(1-2), pp. 69–98, doi: 10.1163/15718123-bja10156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayashi, M. and Yamaguchi, A., (2024). Economic Sanctions against Russia: Questions of Legality and Legitimacy. International Community Law Review, 26(1-2), pp. 69–98, doi: 10.1163/15718123-bja10156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James, S., (1999). The Law of Derivatives. Informa Law from Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James, S., (1999). The Law of Derivatives. Informa Law from Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansson, E., (2009). Property Rights in Investment Securities and the Doctrine of Specificity. Springer Science &amp; Business Media.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansson, E., (2009). Property Rights in Investment Securities and the Doctrine of Specificity. Springer Science &amp; Business Media.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leonard, P. and O’Donnell, H., (2022). Arbitration in Derivatives Contracts. Journal of International Arbitration, 39(1). Pp. 61–78, doi: 10.54648/joia2022003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonard, P. and O’Donnell, H., (2022). Arbitration in Derivatives Contracts. Journal of International Arbitration, 39(1). Pp. 61–78, doi: 10.54648/joia2022003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litten, R., (2024). EU Capital Market Law: The Law of Financial Instruments. Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: 10.4337/9781803923611.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litten, R., (2024). EU Capital Market Law: The Law of Financial Instruments. Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: 10.4337/9781803923611.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marsman, A., (2021). International Arbitration in the Netherlands: With a Commentary on the NAI and PCA Arbitration Rules. Wolters Kluwer.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marsman, A., (2021). International Arbitration in the Netherlands: With a Commentary on the NAI and PCA Arbitration Rules. Wolters Kluwer.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moses, M.L., (2008). The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration. Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moses, M.L., (2008). The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration. Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muscat, B., (2009). OTC Derivatives: Salient Practices and Developments Relating to Standard Market Documentation. Bank of Valletta Review, 39, pp. 32–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muscat, B., (2009). OTC Derivatives: Salient Practices and Developments Relating to Standard Market Documentation. Bank of Valletta Review, 39, pp. 32–47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramos-Muñoz, D., (2025). The Validity of Derivatives Contracts. Legal Doctrine as a Vehicle of Dialogues on “Speculation”. European Business Organization Law Review, 26, pp. 531–565, doi: 10.1007/s40804-025-00345-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramos-Muñoz, D., (2025). The Validity of Derivatives Contracts. Legal Doctrine as a Vehicle of Dialogues on “Speculation”. European Business Organization Law Review, 26, pp. 531–565, doi: 10.1007/s40804-025-00345-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodríguez, M.F., (2015). Aspectos internacionales de los contratos de cobertura del riesgo cambiario en los mercados OTC. Revista Jurídica Universidad Autónoma De Madrid, 32, pp. 127–153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodríguez, M.F., (2015). Aspectos internacionales de los contratos de cobertura del riesgo cambiario en los mercados OTC. Revista Jurídica Universidad Autónoma De Madrid, 32, pp. 127–153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weidemaier, M.W., (2019). Law, Lawyers, and Self-Governance during the Heyday of the London Stock Exchange. Law and Contemporary Problems, 82, pp. 195–223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weidemaier, M.W., (2019). Law, Lawyers, and Self-Governance during the Heyday of the London Stock Exchange. Law and Contemporary Problems, 82, pp. 195–223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood, P.R., (1995). Title Finance, Derivatives, Securitisations, Setoff and Netting. Sweet and Maxwell.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood, P.R., (1995). Title Finance, Derivatives, Securitisations, Setoff and Netting. Sweet and Maxwell.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
